Walxaha Carruurta

Biraha Kala-guurka

Biraha kala-guurka waa koox xubno ah oo ku jira shaxda xilliyeedka. Waxay ka kooban yihiin qaybta ugu weyn ee miiska xilliyeedka ee ku yaal bartamaha miiska oo ay ku jiraan tiirarka 3 ilaa 12.

Waa maxay curiyayaasha kala-guurka ah? >

Sidoo kale eeg: Taariikhda Carruurta: Ciidanka Terracotta ee Shiinaha Hore>Waxaa jira tiro curiye ah kuwaas oo loo kala saaro biraha kala-guurka. Waxay ku jiraan tiirarka 3 ilaa 12 ee miiska xilliyeed waxayna ka mid yihiin biraha sida titanium, copper, nikkel, silver, platinum, iyo dahab. Waxa loo yaqaan "Biraha kala guurka gudaha."

Electron Shells

Ciise kala-guurka ayaa ah kuwo gaar u ah in ay yeelan karaan qolof hoose oo aan dhamaystirnayn taas oo u ogolaanaysa valence electrons in qolof. oo aan ahayn qolofta sare. Walxaha kale waxay leeyihiin oo kaliya valence electrons in qolofkooda dibadda. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa biraha kala-guurka inay sameeyaan dhawr dawladood oo oksaydhismeed oo kala duwan.

Waa maxay sifooyinka la midka ah ee biraha kala-guurka?

9>Waxay samayn karaan iskudhisyo badan oo kala duwan oo oksijiin ah

Waxay samayn karaan iskudhisyo midabyo kala duwan leh. dhibco kulul

Waxay leeyihiin cufnaan aad u sarreeya

Waxay yihiin paramagnetic.Xaqiiqooyinka ku saabsan Biraha Kala-guurka >

>> Kooxda birta kala-guurka waxa loo yaqaan "d-block" ee miiska xilliyeedka. Waxa jira 35 curiye oo ku yaala d-block.

Mararka qaar curiyayaasha tiirka laba iyo tobnaad ee miiska xilliyeedka (zinc, cadmium, mercury, copernicium) kuma jiraan qayb ka mid ah kooxda birta kala guurka ah.

Iron, cobalt, iyo nikkel waa saddexda walxood ee kaliya ee soo saara goob magnet ah.

Chemists inta badan waxay adeegsadaan wax loo yaqaan "d electron count" halkii ay ka isticmaali lahaayeen valence electrons si ay u qeexaan curiyayaasha kala-guurka.

9>Sababtoo ah tayadooda gaarka ah, biraha kala-guurka ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa warshadaha si ay u kiciyaan falcelinno kala duwan. 7>

Shaxda wakhtiyeedka

> > > > >

Biraha alkali >

>> Lithium

Sodium

>Kaalshiyam

Radium

Biraha Kala-guurka

Scandium

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Manganese

Iron

Cobalt

Nikel

Pl atinum

Gold

Mercury

> >Ka beddelka ka dibBiraha > 16>

Aluminium

>Gallium

Tin

Lead

> Metalloids >

Boron

Silikon

Jarmalka

Arsenic

Nonmetals >

>Hydrogen4>Kaarboon

Nitrogen

Ogsajiin

Fosfoor

Fluorine

7>

Argon

>

> > 15> Arrin > > 18> Atom

Molecules

Isotopes

Sidoo kale eeg: Giriiggii hore ee Carruurta: Sayniska iyo TignoolajiyadaShucaaca iyo Shucaaca

Xalka

Asiidhyada iyo Saldhigyada

Crystals

Biraha

Cusbada iyo Saabuunta

>Biyo > 15> kale >>>>>>>>>>> Ereybixin iyo Shuruudo

Qalabka Shaybaarka Kiimikada

Sayniska >> Kiimikada Carruurta >> Shaxda wakhtiyeedka